Civilize Them With A Stick Free Essays

1) Study Guide Questions for Test #1 To Prepare for Test #1, I suggest that you record your reactions to the accompanying inquiries. You don't need to hand this task over for credit. On the off chance that you are hazy about the appropriate responses in the wake of perusing the parts, get in touch with me. We will compose a custom article test on Socialize Them With A Stick or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now In the event that you’d like me to investigate your answers before your test, email them to me. This task is intended to assist you with planning for the test. You might be tried on material that identifies with the investigation manage questions: Chapter 1 Study Guide Questions: 1. Characterize and depict human science. 2. Depict the sociological creative mind and apply the sociological creative mind to one part of your own life. 3. Characterize and recognize the full scale and miniaturized scale levels of public activity. 4. Portray and recognize the functionalist, strife, and representative interactionist hypothetical points of view. Clarify how every viewpoint would endeavor to comprehend a higher education. Submission Video Study Guide Questions: 1. Portray Milgram’s analyze, his exploration discoveries, and your own response to the video. 2. Talk about manners by which the discoveries of the Milgram test identify with things that happen in reality. 3. How did nearness to the subject influence dutifulness? How did vicinity to the position figure impact acquiescence? How did bunches impact dutifulness? (clue: varieties are appeared toward the finish of the video) 4. What are the autonomous variable(s) and ward variable(s) in the investigation (Chapter 2 of the course reading characterizes these terms). 5. What was the operational meaning of dutifulness (Chapter 2 characterizes this term) Chapter 2 Study Guide Questions: 1. Characterize objectivity and clarify why it is significant 2. Depict the 6 stages of the logical strategy and be set up to evaluate whether the logical technique has been followed in a test question that gives your an examination study to survey. 3. Characterize operational definition. Be set up to distinguish and evaluate the legitimacy of an operational definition in a test question that gives you withâ information about an exploration study. 4. Characterize and recognize autonomous, ward, and control factors. Be set up to recognize and recognize autonomous and subordinate factors in a test question that gives you data about an exploration study. 5. Clarify the distinction among connection and a causal connection between factors. 6. Characterize and recognize legitimacy and unwavering quality. 7. Characterize test and clarify the significance of an arbitrary example. Be set up to recognize testing issues and examine the significance of an irregular example in a test question that furnishes you with data about an examination study. 8. Quickly depict and be set up to distinguish the accompanying exploration techniques: overview, try, field research and auxiliary information examination. 9. Recognize mean, middle and mode. Clarify why the middle pay in the U.S. is a superior proportion of the â€Å"middle value† than the mean (clue: consider the effect of earnings, for example, that of OprahWinfrey, Warren Buffett and Bill Gates on a normal). Section 3 Study Guide Questions: 1. Characterize culture. 2. Characterize and recognize material and non-material culture. 3. Characterize and recognize standards and qualities. 4. Portray the sorts of standards (mores and folkways). Give one case of the various kinds of standards that identify with your own life. 5. Characterize sanctions. Give one case of authorizations that have affected your own conduct 6. Characterize and recognize ethnocentrism and social relativism. Clarify how the article, â€Å"Civilize Them With a Stick† Relates to ethnocentrism. 7. Characterize and recognize subculture and counterculture. 8. Characterize culture stun. Step by step instructions to refer to Civilize Them With A Stick, Papers

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) & Male Circumcision, is it a social Research Paper - 1

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and Male Circumcision, is it a social custom or a strict practice - Research Paper Example lawfully commanded to guarantee that all residents make the most of their privileges and bliss, without bias or favor due to social, racial, or strict direction. Male circumcision and female genital mutilation are issues that have raised serious discussion on whether they ought to be treated as strict or social custom practices. In any case, taking into account the authentic acts of both male circumcision and female genital mutilation, the training ought to be viewed as social however not as strict issue. Furthermore, United States ought not permit these practices among little youngsters and young ladies. Analysts have built up that female genital mutilation and male circumcision influence the life systems of the outside conceptive organs of both genders, which at last prompts adjustment of sensation during sex (Toubia, 1993, p31). These discoveries have been applied for quite a while in various social orders to accomplish distinctive social destinations, including concealment of sexual sentiments. As per Dally(1991, p37), female genital mutilation has been in presence for more than 4000 years back and between 80 to 100 million ladies have experienced the ceremony in various pieces of the world. There are various reasons that advocates of female genital mutilation use to legitimize the training. These incorporate the contention that it is a custom that is recommended by the religion (Porter, et al 1986, p 652). Additionally Toubia (1993, p62), contends that female genital mutilation is one of the numerous practices encompassed by fantasies and convictions. Tragically, these fantasies and convictions have been utilized for such a long time to legitimize the propagation of the training in the general public. Toubia (1993, p68) takes note of that in social orders where female genital mutilation is predominant, uncircumcised ladies don't get marriage accomplices on the grounds that such ladies are seen to contain a few deficiencies. In many social orders that training the bad habit, uncircumcised ladies are viewed as unfaithful to their spouses once they get

How to Hire Assignment Writers For Your Job

How to Hire Assignment Writers For Your JobAssignment writers are the unsung heroes in any workplace. In the event of an emergency, these individuals are able to quickly and accurately produce documents and publications that will be of immense benefit to the company in question. The following are five tips to follow when recruiting assignment writers.The first step is to decide whether you want a team of writers, freelancers or a single writer. Most companies choose to use a team, however, there are times when a single writer can produce the desired results, such as in the case of a freelance writer. Whichever you decide upon, you need to determine the exact cost of the writer you wish to hire. It may not be free but you should ask for the price before you decide who to use.Once you have decided on a team, ask each writer what sort of services they can provide you. For example, a team may not always produce a document within a deadline, so they will be more expensive than a single wr iter. If you have a huge job that requires multiple revisions, a team might prove more cost effective.Next, look for custom document templates. Many companies have resorted to custom templates that can be used by all writers. Such templates are extremely useful and can increase productivity considerably. Moreover, you can tailor the template to meet your specific needs and come up with the best possible document you can.Look for freelance writers who have experience with the company. You need to find a writer who has already completed other similar projects and is familiar with the company's needs. Ideally, the freelance writer should also be able to provide you with feedback on the work they have produced. The more you know about a writer, the better off you will be in the event of a crisis.Ask each team member to complete a portfolio to be considered for employment. Make sure the portfolio is well organized, informative and well-constructed. This will help in selecting the right w riter for the job and eliminate the possibility of employing someone with poor work habits or a lack of professionalism. Another option would be to have each team member to prepare a separate portfolio, which would also help in ensuring that the project gets completed successfully.Finally, all teams should be given their own customer service department. This will allow the writers to meet the deadlines required and provide the correct solutions to any questions that may arise.

An Website On The Web - 1301 Words

The internet provides a wide array of websites that help people of all walks of life to come together to share in a variety of common interests. When these people come together on a website for a specific interest, they are able to discuss their victories, their failures, the areas they need help with, and how to become more successful in what they are working on. Allpoetry.com is one of these gathering places that provides the poetry community a way to publish their work, get feedback on their writing, and share their thoughts on others work. This website is a great place for poets to come together to share their love for poetry as well as have a shared desire for collaboration and growth, although the site does fall somewhat short in regards to credibility in their credentials as well as in their layout and web design. Credibility Allpoetry.com is a gathering place for writers that have a shared interest in a variety of writing techniques but primarily have an interest in poetry. There are a variety of contests and courses that are available to the members. I noticed that there are new member contests as well as member driven contests to achieve accolades within the websites member community. I did not notice any outside recognition that gave additional credibility to the page. Another concern was that the courses that were available did not mention who specifically was going to be teaching the participants. This led me down the path to find out who was theShow MoreRelatedWeb Development : A Website1157 Words   |  5 PagesPostell English III 4 March 2015 Web Development: A Website in the Making $1.1 trillion in sales in 2011 were web-influenced. On a daily basis, people will continue to need websites for certain businesses or certain jobs so that means the web development market will continue to make money. Web development is the process of designing and developing a website from scratch or the ground up. It is the â€Å"back end† or â€Å"behind the scenes† of a website, such as programming. Web developers create programs andRead MoreDescription Of A Web Website1418 Words   |  6 Pagesits a reference to a web asset that determines its location on a computer network and a mechanism for recovering it. A typical approach to get to a Web webpage is to enter the URL of its landing page record in our Web program s location line. Then again, any document inside of that Web webpage can likewise be indicated with a URL. A URL is a particular kind of Uniform Resource Identifier, albeit numerous individuals utilize the two terms conversely. Such a record may be a ny Web (HTML) page other thanRead MoreA Web Website On The World Wide Web1503 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Wide Web. A URL is the essential system ID for any asset associated with the web (e.g., hypertext pages, images, and sound files). URLs have the following format: protocol://hostname/other_information. URL is the global address of document and other resources on the World Wide Web. URL normally declared by sounding out every letter however, in a few quarters, affirmed Earl - is the one of a kind location for a document that is open on the Internet. A typical approach to get to a Web webpageRead MoreWebsite Analysis : Web Analytics Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesWeb analytics helps us to extract the data , analysis and perform report with the available data about a particular website which helps to identify and enhance the website for existing users and to attract new users [1] However, Web Analytics is a procedure for measuring web movement as well as can be utilized as a medium for business and statistical surveying, and to evaluate/enhance the adequacy of a site. For organizations utilizations of web analytics can help them measure the aftereffectsRead MoreWebsite Analysis : Web Analytics856 Words   |  4 PagesWeb Analytics is a relatively new phenomenon in the business world, and while it is not a mandatory requirement for organizations to compete in today’s marketplace it is becoming increasingly important as organizations strive to optimize their web presence. So what is web analytics and how can it help companies achieve a better web presence? Web Analytics is defined by the Web Analytics Association as, â€Å"The practice of measuring, collecting, analyzing and reporting on Internet data for the purposesRead MoreWebsite Report On Web Analytics Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of Web Analytics is the measurement and collect ion of Internet data for the purposes of understanding and optimizing web usage by analyzing and reporting of web data. DAA stands for Digital Analytics Association, an organization that defines industry standards for the web analytics field. Web analytics is often confused with website statistics, but there is quite a difference. The goal of website statistics is to inform simple facts like number of visitors last month, etc. Web analytics offersRead MoreThe Web Analytic Maturity Model For The Website1119 Words   |  5 PagesWe designed website named as yoga4fitlife and every yoga pose and information is carefully selected from various resources. Website offers the more efficient, satisfying, and user-friendly experience for the user. Interactive design is the best way to increase the quality of user experience. We used Go Daddy’s Website builder tool for designing the website and Search Engine Optimization for improving the website. The Web Analytics Framework A. Identifying Key Performance Indicators Metrics whichRead MoreWebsite Analysis : Web Analytics Tools910 Words   |  4 PagesWeb Analytics tools like Google Analytics provide a myriad of metrics that users can benefit from in order to enhance their business capabilities. These tools enable users to measure a broad range of web data from visitors, bounce rates, page views, conversion rates to dashboards, custom reports, and goals. It can be sometimes confusing to make sense from all the web data obtained. Some users utilize basic features of the web analytics tools and some others utilize complex features to crunch theRead MoreWebsite : Web For Comeon Casino1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthe full online casino experience through compatible smartphone and tablets. Completing what is a well-rounded online casino is a wide selection of support and security features. 128-bit SSL encryption is used throughout all four corners of the website, meaning that all member’s personal and private information is kept out of untoward hands. Auditing is another measure that Folkeautomaten consistently utilise in order to make sure that they meet eCORGA and GLI testing standards. Should you run intoRead MoreEssay Web Server and Intranet Website973 Words   |  4 Pagesto function as the web server. In this exercise, you will install Internet Information Services on your workstation and then configure it to host two websites. Mindset Internet Information Services enables you to configure websites to use specific port numbers. This makes it possible to test the functionality of Windows Firewall. Completion time 15 minutes Question 1 What URLs could you use in your computer’s browser to test the functionality of the intranet website you just created?

How Prison Life Really Works Essay - 1305 Words

How prison life really works Prison life is much harsher than jail. In prison you stay inside until you are done with your sentence or until you die; jail is nothing compared to prison. Each prisoner is locked out from the outside world. Each inmate is in there for different crimes they have committed outside and inside the prison. It is very interesting to see how the inmates survive in prison and how they adapt to their new lives because in prison they are blocked from the outside world. The inmates dont exist to the people on the outside anymore. Violence is a big part of the problem in prison because everywhere in prison someone gets hurt. The weaker inmates get sexually harassed by the ones who have the power to control whatever†¦show more content†¦The violence between the inmates is brutal. Some inmates use violence to show others that they are the strongest and that they are in charge of the whole prison and other inmates that are under their protection. They tak e control of everything that is going on inside the prison. In the article of Enforcing the Convict Code: Violence and Prison Culture, it talks about how violence in prison differs between women and men, For instance, while both women and men used violence to control the behavior of others, men tended to use it more often while women tended to use rumors, gossip, and avoidance to deal with bothersome inmates. The inmates use violence to gain control of the prison. Violence happens when inmates talk or say terrible things about each other. To a large extent there is violence between the inmates because either they dont get along with each other, or they cant trust one another. In the article of Enforcing the Convict Code: Violence and Prison Culture by Rebecca Trammell, mates understand violence as a social process the inmates only understand that violence is a process that they have to live with, it is their life to survive this process and follow it. Inmates only know how to use v iolence to control the environment in the prison and the behavior as well. In the article of Enforcing the Convict Code: Violence and Prison Culture by Rebecca Trammell, she tells us that inmates use this to control others â€Å"try to controlShow MoreRelatedAnne Frank, Nelson Mandela And Louis Zamperini1346 Words   |  6 Pagesclass really gives you a sense of how a person is feeling in such little words. It describes the environment around them, how they are dealing with is and what their thoughts are on it. A poem I feel does incredibly well with this this â€Å"Some Advice to Those Who Will Serve Time in Prison†. This poem describes a man in prison with a lot of time to serve and how he feels about it. He describes prison as making him start to lose himself and how much it really affects his outlook on life. Prison makesRead MoreIncarceration as a Form of Punishment1355 Words   |  6 Pagesin prison will tell you it is a horrible place that should be gone. That would allow criminals to be free and that would let them cause harm to others or other illegal activities. Incarceration was not designed to be a paradise, it is a detention center for the bad, and meant for them to be punished. Without jails the world would be filled with even more evil, and would leave people in more danger than they already are. Incarceration is what makes those who have done bad appreciate what life hasRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Guarding Sing Sang By Ted Conover1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe book NewJack: Guarding Sing Sing by Ted Conover is an profound book to read it gave me a great glimpse of how the prison life really is and how you can put yourself in comparing how Hollywood movies or TV shows displays them. Conover discuss about the history of Sing Sing prison since 1826. It was an authentic and straight forward of how the prison life is especially for those who want to pursue as a correctional officers. It gave two perspectives one from the guards and the other by the inmatesRead More The Shawshank Redemption Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pageswhich looks at prison life in a interesting and different perspective than one normally thinks. The main characters are Andy Dufrense (Tim Robbins) and Eliss quot;Redquot; Redding (Morgan Freeman). These characters are well complimented by the wise and simple old man, Brooks (James Whitmore), and the evil warden. The personalities of the Shawshank prison combined to form a sort of community. One never really thinks of a prison as such, but it seems to hold true. This movie showed a prison not only asRead MoreThe Importance of Prison Reform Essay954 Words   |  4 Pages In this world we live in many feel that prisons exist to punish, not counsel, offenders. That may be true that Prisons exist for punishment, but they also have an important contribution to make to reducing re-offending by engaging prisoners in rehabilitation programs and purposeful work. Society is flawed in its thinking that by putting criminals in a place away from society we would be better off. To make it worse I am sure that more that 60 percent of Americans are against social reformRead MoreThe Prison System And The Prisons System Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagesmade me realize how much prison affects someone. In the US the prison system is completely different than the prison system in Denmark. After watching Prison State, I didn’t really know what the pros were of our prison system. I saw more cons than pros. I was completely shocked by the way that Denmark runs their prison system. The video confused me a bit, so I did some research and found an article that I und erstood a little bit better about Denmark’s prison system. The US prison system is definitelyRead MorePersuasive Speech966 Words   |  4 Pagescriminals are walking the streets and crime is a way of life to many Americans. In America, crime does pay because our nations prison system is not working properly. B. Most of you may know someone who is either a family member or a friend who has committed a crime and served jail time that has gotten out and committed the same crime. Not once but twice maybe even a third time. Now what does that tell us? C. Today I will address the prospect of prison aims to stop someone who would commit a crime andRead MoreEssay on Should Capital Punishment Be Legal?992 Words   |  4 Pagesdoesnt really go along with the idea of incorporating the offender back into society; on the contrary, it just gets rid of the individual, because in society eyes, the offence committed is so wrong, that the person is no longer able to return into society. On the other hand, how can one really know if the person is really able to change his ways. Capital punishment also does a lot of good for the community. It saves the taxpayers money by not making them pay for the life sentence in prison. It alsoRead MoreIncarceration Practices in the United States Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe crime. Many people are incarcerated due to the type of crimes they commit. When you’re incarcerated, you’re sent to prison. I always had somewhat of an idea how being imprisoned works but I wasn’t fully aware of how the routine worked, I just know the basic steps like committing a crime, getting caught, sent to jail, go to trial, then the judge sentenced you depending on how bad the crime was, I didn’t know anything else passed that. As a curious student of Kingsborough, I’ve pulled up a lotRead MoreA Woman Doing Life : Notes From A Prison For Women1320 Words   |  6 Pagesreading A Woman Doing Life : Notes from a Prison for Women, I learned a lot more than I thought I knew about the life of women in jails or prisons. Erin George , the main character , gives readers an ethnographic insight on the struggles women face in prison. The hardships women face in prison consist of, and are limited to harsh shakedowns, poor medical treatment, and changes within the prison system that intentionally dehumanizes women inmates. Erin George before prison was a middle class women

Corporate Culture and Strategy Progress

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Culture and Strategy Progress. Answer: Corporate culture and strategy Corporate culture and strategy are interlinks and Balmer (2012) states that corporate culture is a factor for company's long-term success. The strategy must be rational and logical, clear and simple and easy to comprehend b the employees; while, on the other hand, culture is emotional, ever changing, and complex. Bolton et al. (2013) depicts that cultures are the human force working in the organization and the customer to whom the company is dealing with. Retailing industry can be considered as one of the famous fields where these factors can structures. The strategy of a company comprises of its goals, objectives and activities to accomplish it; however, culture represents the value, practices and behaviour of the working personnel. In the retail industry, it is important for the employee to behave good with the customers and the managers have to behave in a friendly way with the employee. Eccles et al. (2012) believes that happy employee serves the best to the customer to make them happy and thus it shows Clan culture of the organization. At the same time, innovation and entrepreneurial focus makes this industry successful enough by introducing digital technology for making the working procedure easy, which highlights the Adhocracy culture of the organization. Market leaders consider three value disciplines of the organization- customer intimacy, product leadership and operational excellence. Every organization must have to assess the problem and finding the cause and then solve the problem by building the organisational ecosystem and culture to support this discipline. Schneider et al. (2013) defines that every company including retail industry, thinks twice to adhere new accounting procedures to its Finance department; however, these organizations needs a business strategy that drives the success of the organization by linking the units and functions together. Different people have a single motive to do business that is to earn maximum profit however in a different way thus possess different perception regarding organization culture. Some leader thinks that organization business approach is culture while some managers believe that monetary rewards and non-monetary rewards drive the organizational culture. Balmer (2012) portrays that sense-making ability in organizations defines the culture, where creating shared awareness and understanding of individuals perspectives is interlinked. However, to the extent, it is important to assume the organizational culture as the immunity system for the business as good culture prevents "wrong thinking" and "wrong people." Some leading organization emphasizes more on the way to achieve the goals by valuing the employee's intelligence and motivate them to present new and innovative ideas so that better results can be obtained. In this context, Zappos, hire people from the cultural background is that they can understand the customer's requirement and serve their best on behalf of the company. This not only makes their employee happy but they boost their talent to come up with new strategies. Thus, retail indyctry also follow the same structure along with following a Clan culture so that if someone having a bad day, they can go to other and share the adversity and then find a solution collaboratively. Murray and Fortinberry (2015) also depicts that this company bribes their low performer employee a worth of $1000 to leave the org anization. Moreover, this organization implements strategy not necessarily a corporate strategy to make their customers happy and that makes them a successful company in modern times. Moreover, Toyota follows the culture for assessing the cause of the problem and then solving it for supporting their product and process design and this help them to transform from a not-so-famous company to a successful organization. Seven dimension of culture comprises of universalism and particularism, individualism and communitarianism, specific and diffuse; neutral and affective, achievement and ascription, past, present and future, internal and external and effectively maintained by a retail industry (Shahzad et al. 2012). Toyota implements particularism as it provides autonomy and flexibility to people for making their decisions. Moreover, communitarianism can be represented by appraisal and reward of group performance and avoid showing favoritism. Retail industries also follow diffused culture where they emphasize on building on good relation before focussing on business objectives. These companies provides every required material to customer and must emphasize on transparenc y regarding plantation of their new factory and a new model to their internal stakeholders, which signify the ascription culture of the organization by showing respect to people in authority and encourages the employee to perform well in their role (Guiso et al. 2015). Alvesson and Sveningsson (2015) depict that company cultures are like country cultures and traditionally individual have to work with these cultures by their existing resources while not changing the culture. Moreover, in contemporary organization leadership ability is required for bringing appropriate change in the culture of the organization for better productivity and profitability. In this blog, there are two approaches for depicting organizational culture- Typology or geometric shape a model and a textual descriptionof the elements of the culture. However, the author here is correct that textual description model is more effective as an employee cannot understand the detail behind the pictorial representation of the typology; whereas, they know about the minute details of the changed system though a descriptive model. The benefits of Typology model is that employee tends to remember the picture and labels of typology and can interpret the meaning of these strategies in their own term. Moreover, changes can be drives at any stage or for each element or combination of elements of the model and it is easy to formulate by the managing authorities. Structure and Strategy It is true that structure follows strategy as strategy planning defines the organizations purpose and goals to identify opportunities and constraints regarding the strategy. Fullan (2014) defines that strategy emphasizes on what to achieve and structure defines what to achieve. Thus, it can be concluded that structure can include anything that supports the strategy. Holacracy focuses on innovation and experimentation for making the business approach effective for attaining more profit. Flexibility and adaptability are a necessity in a world where technology is changing day by day. Holacracy is used towards a manager-less decision-making statements (Denning 2014). Unlike traditional way of doing business under a particular boss, Zappos now function as groups, or circles, of people rather than miniature hierarchies. The primary advantage of adopting this strategy is that it had opened up lines of communication between teams and ensures employee engagement. On the other hand, bureaucracy does not emphasize in employees and objectives, but it focuses on the approach to which employee achieves these goals. The administration does not define the way whether traditional of modern technology but to achieve productivity and profitability. Innovations are crucial for organization like retail industry also, which reacts successfully to the emergence of new competitors, technological advancements and better productivity and assures the popularity among community. This can be clearly represented by the contingency factors that are followed in Zappos. Dager (2014) portrays that there are five contingency factors - strategy, environment, organizations size, organizations age and technology. In Zappos, the constitution in holacracy works like fledgling democracies and everyone can work like managing authorities and hence everyone is liable for dictatorship or self-governance. Reference List Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Balmer, J.M., 2012. Strategic corporate brand alignment: Perspectives from identity based views of corporate brands.European Journal of Marketing,46(7/8), pp.1064-1092. Bolton, P., Brunnermeier, M.K. and Veldkamp, L., 2013. Leadership, coordination, and corporate culture.The Review of Economic Studies,80(2), pp.512-537. Dager, J., 2014. Holacracy, Zappos and Standard Work. Denning, S., 2014. Making Sense of Zappos and Holacracy.Forbes blog, Jan,15. Eccles, R.G., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2012.The impact of a corporate culture of sustainability on corporate behavior and performance(No. W17950). National Bureau of Economic Research. Fullan, M., 2014.Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Guiso, L., Sapienza, P. and Zingales, L., 2015. The value of corporate culture.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), pp.60-76. Murray, B. and Fortinberry, A., 2015. The Science of Creating the Right Culture for Your Organization.Effective Executive,18(2), p.45. Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M.G. and Macey, W.H., 2013. Organizational climate and culture.Annual review of psychology,64, pp.361-388. Shahzad, F., Luqman, R.A., Khan, A.R. and Shabbir, L., 2012. Impact of organizational culture on organizational performance: an overview.Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business,3(9), p.975.

What Are Rites of Passage Essay Example

What Are Rites of Passage? Essay In life, as some might say, we all go through different stages. The traditional stages are usually classed as being born, childhood, adolescence (through which, learning is also categorised), adulthood, middle age, old age, and finally, death. In Christianity, and, indeed, most religions, these stages, or phases of life, are marked with a ceremony; to celebrate ones passing through life, and closer to heaven (where, Christians say, one goes to after death a reward for being good and doing the right things during life) and God. The Diagram, below, shows a few of them. These ceremonies are what Rites of Passage are. A rite, or ritual is just a formal way of stating to oneself, others, and God, that they have passed through their last stage, and have moved on to the next, hence the term. The ceremonies, themselves, usually have set orders, and customs based on what God has told them to do, through the Bible and Jesus. Baptism Go therefore and make disciplesbaptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the holy spirit Matthew 28:19 When a baby is born, it is the start of a new life, therefore, Christians celebrate its starting the journey, with its baptism, or christening. It also reflects Jesus, the head of the church, as, before he began to spread his message, he was baptised in a body of water, by John the Baptist: We will write a custom essay sample on What Are Rites of Passage? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Are Rites of Passage? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Are Rites of Passage? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to John, in order to be baptised by him. But the latter tried to prevent him, saying: I am the one needing to be baptised by you, and are you coming to me? In reply Jesus said to him: Let it be, this time, for in that way it is suitable for us to carry out all that is righteous then he quit preventing him. After being baptised Jesus immediately came up from the water; and, look, the heavens were opened up, and he saw descending like a dove Gods spirit coming upon him. Look! Also, there was a voice from the heavens that said: This is my son, the beloved, whom I have approved.' Matthew 3:13-17 To imitate Jesus, the christening takes place around a round water container made of stone, called the font, near the entrance of the church, symbolising their entry into the Christian faith (similarly, in a funeral, the body is taken out through an exit at the opposite end of the church to symbolise their exit. See Death). Everyone assembles around the font, filled with holy water (water which has been blessed), and the priest, or minister, then makes the sign of the cross on the babys forehead, and says: I baptise you [name] in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit/Ghost, referring to the bible. This washes away any sin, and blesses the child for the future. The child is then given a Christian name, and the Godparents are appointed. It is the responsibility of the Godparents to look after the child, if ever the parents cannot. If the child is male, usually, then he will have two godfathers and one godmother, and vice versa. At the end of the ceremony, the child is sprinkled three times with water, and the ceremony is over. The whole point of the water, as was mentioned earlier, is to symbolise the washing away of sin, concerning the person, or soul, of the child. The fact that the font is at the entrance of the church shows how it will progress in life, through to its final point in the church, after its funeral. Baptism is very important in the church, as, without it, one isnt considered to be a pure member of the congregation. As the bible says, in 1Corinthians 6:11: You have been washed cleanyou have been sanctifiedyou have been declared righteous in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ and with the spirit of our God. Death For dust you are and to dust you will return Genesis 3:19 Just as baptism is very important, so, also, is death. It is the final thing, which inevitably happens to all of us. But apart from all that, it too is a progression: from life into either Heaven or Hell (of course, if one has been the best kind of person they could have been, through their life, then Hell isnt even considered). However, some atheists do decide to have their funerals in a church. Some think this shouldnt be allowed, as they havent accepted God. Suicide is also taken into consideration. Some Christian denominations, The Roman Catholic Church and Jehovahs Witnesses in particular, believe suicide to be a sin, as it is not the right of any human being to decide whether they or another should live or die, and are refused a Christian burial. In this country, though, the main denomination, the Church of England, governs all Protestants in England to have a Christian burial, unless specified by the subject in his or her will, a written statement, and/or proof from a close re lation. Therefore, regardless of some peoples wishes, they are given a Christian funeral along the lines of the following. Before the funeral, the undertaker will prepare the body, dressing it in the deceaseds favourite clothes, or a shroud, after which, it in a coffin. It is then taken home, or to a chapel of rest, where friends and relatives can go, to pay their last respects. This is known as the wake. On the day of the funeral, itself, the coffin, usually placed with decorative flowers etc, is brought to and from the church in a hearse, or a horse-drawn carriage, taken through to the high altar, at the front of the church, by the pallbearers, and the service begins. Hymns are sung, and prayers said, to introduce the service, before the minister makes a tribute to the deceased. Then those who were close to the deceased will give a short speech, or eulogy, before another sermon is preached, and more prayers and hymns. Finally, the coffin will be taken to the cemetery for burial or cremation, and a final prayer will be said (which is where the famous Ashes to Ashes, dust to dust comes in), before the body is buried or burnt. Afterwards, there is usually a reception, where a toast is made to the deceased. Part Two Marriage (and Divorce?) Let marriage be honourable among all Hebrews 13:4 In Christianity, marriage is sacred. A bond, which can, and should, never be broken. The joining of two persons, who become as one. As the bible says, in 1Corinthians 7:10-11: a wife should not depart from her husbandand a husband should not leave his wife. It clearly states that separation, or even divorce, would be a sin. There are four main points, which Jesus identified, concerning marriage: 1) Adultery is the only grounds for divorce whoever divorces his wife, except on the ground of fornication, and marries another commits adultery. Matthew 19:9 2) The husband is the head of the house, and as head, he should love, care, and respect his wife Let wives be in subjection to their husbandshusbands continue loving your wives, just as Christ also loved the congregation Ephesians 5:23-25 3) Christians should marry only other Christians only in the Lord 1Corinthians 7:39 4) A man is to have only one wife a man will leave his father and mother and he must stick to his wife and they must become one flesh. Genesis 2:24 However, this is interpreted differently, among different Christian denominations. For instance, in the Roman Catholic Church, there are absolutely no grounds for divorce at all, not even adultery gives an excuse for it. If a Roman Catholic does divorce, he is faced with the prospect of excommunication. The same goes for the other three points of marriage. And if he wants to marry again, he isnt permitted to do so in a church. With Jehovahs Witnesses, adultery is a ground for divorce, but the only one, and even then, a husband or wife should be forgiving, and divorce should be treated as a last resort. In the Church of England, two people may not even want to be wed, but they may just want a blessing, therefore being identified as married in the eyes of God and the church. The Greek Orthodox Churchs view is very similar to that of the Roman Catholics, in that marriage is one of the most holy states to be in, and must be viewed as such. Therefore, if a couple divorce, they are seen to be unstable in their faith. Within all reaches of Christianity, though, marriage is seen to be sacred, likened to the relationship between Jesus and the Church. As is written in Ephesians 5:23: a husband is head of his wife as the Christ also is head of the congregation. Therefore, all Christian denominations treat it very seriously. Two people cannot, just on a whim, marry, because that decision will affect the rest of their lives. Therefore, married Christians should be constantly aware of their behaviour around people of the opposite sex, and their spouse. Firstly, being in mind of what marriage is about, people should choose carefully, before marriage, deciding if they truly love the other person enough to live with them, happily, for the rest of their lives. Next, during marriage, they should be aware that every day, they must be in mind of their partner, and how what they do will affect them (Im thinking primarily of adultery, but even flirting, if the spouse doesnt like it, is testing the waters of the r elationship). Finally, if one is considering divorce, Christianity strongly encourages the person to look at their partner in the most positive light possible, and think about what made them want to marry them in the first place. At the end of the day, though, some teachings say, it is ultimately the individuals choice, but even then, it does affect the spouse. Most denominations, though, do not approve of, or look well on, divorce at all. Purely for the reason that Jesus gave only one reason for it: adultery something which, if you really loved your partner, you wouldnt even dream of doing anyway. In short, divorce is wrong, unscriptural, and should only be treated as a last resort. Part Three Rites of Passage: Only for Believers? Not everyone saying to me Lord, Lord will enter into the kingdom of the heavens, but the one doing the will of my Father who is in the heavens will. Matthew 7:21 So, should those who are unbelievers, or heathens, be allowed Christian ceremonies? Can they be allowed to have Christian rites performed for them, despite never going to church, or being involved with the church, or, as is more the case now, any church at all? Well, this, again, is not easy to answer. Jesus did say that the message of Christianity should be preached to all nations and tribes and peoples and tongues, so from that, one can argue that Jesus taught to embrace those outside Christianity. However, Jesus also said, in the case of marriage, that Christians should marry only other Christians. Again, though, shifting the balance once more, baptism is not only applied to Christian babies. There is an account in Acts chapter 8, which tells of an Ethiopian eunuch, who is baptised there n the spot, in a nearby body of water, so one, again, could argue that anyone can enter the religion, and many people do convert to Christianity, having been Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, and even Pagans, so, in that sense, there is no limitation. The same goes for death (especially in this country, as has been explained above): if one has realised that theyve lived a sinful life, they can make one last repentance, before dying. In that sense, through their death, theyve been baptised, as it were. I suppose, though, really, its down to the individual, and what s/he really feels. Personally, I wouldnt bother with the fuss of paying for a church to get married in, unless I really wanted to get married in one, and I had agreed with my fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e, what we wanted to do. Some people only do things to please others, or for ceremonial sake, either case, with no real personal feeling or regard, and I feel that this makes for unhappy circumstances. Unless a person is completely sure of what they are doing, should they decide that they want to do it at all, or in a Christian place of worship. If one strongly believes in Christianity, as Jesus would say, if his heart is in it, then that person is a Christian, whether baptised or not. But that is only one persons viewpoint, which is why the issue becomes a tricky one, as Christianity is dealing with millions of peoples, and not just one, viewpoints.